TOLC-E 1. DENEME SINAVI İsim Soyisim E-Posta Telefon Q. 1 Fact 1: Some pens don’t write. Fact 2: All blue pens write. Fact 3: Some writing utensils are pens. If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a fact? I. Some writing utensils don’t write.II. Some writing utensils are blue.III. Some blue writing utensils don’t write.Deselect Answer II only I and II only II and III only None of the statements is a known fact. all of them None Q. 2 There are 10 students in a class and they like visiting each other. A visit means that one student visits the home of another student. We know that each student in the class has visited the same number of students. No two students in the class have both visited each other. What is the maximum number of students that a student in this class could have visited?Deselect Answer 2 4 5 8 9 None Q. 3 1. Suppose you know thatIf John is on the volleyball team, then he is good at volleyball.Then would this be true?If John is good at volleyball, then he is on the volleyball team 2. Suppose you know thatIf people have fins, then they live in water.People have fins.People can swim only if they live in water.Then would this be true?People can swim.What are the answers of the above statements respectivelyDeselect Answer Maybe , yes Maybe, maybe Yes, yes No, maybe Maybe, no None Q. 4 I am planning a one-way flight and I can fly with one of the following five companies. * None of the three maximum dimensions can be exceeded.I have two bags, one of size 52 × 40 × 22 cm and one of size 40 × 30 × 20 cm. I am happy to take either bag with me. I need to have priority boarding.Which company should I choose if I wish to spend as little as possible?Deselect Answer WassAir BritAir EasAir TowAir MistAir None Q. 5 Some bags are suits. All suits are trousers. Some trousers are shirts. All shirts are coats. From given statements above which of the followings must be true? I. Some trousers are coats.II. Some bags are trousers.III. Some suits are coats.Deselect Answer Only I and II Only I Only II and III All follow None of them None Q. 6 Volunteers for a coastal conservation charity have cleaned beaches since the late 1990s and have recorded the number of items collected. Three items found on the beach by volunteers which have seen an increase are shown below in the table.Which one of the following graphs could show the percentage increase in items collectedbetween 1997 and 2017?Deselect Answer A B C D E None Q. 7 Four usual dice are thrown on the ground. The total of numbers on the top faces of these four dice is 13 as the top faces showed 4, 3, 1 and 5 respectively. What is the total of the faces touching the ground?Deselect Answer 12 13 14 15 Cannot be determined None Q. 8 Find out which of the figure (a), (b), (c), (d) can be formed from the pieces given in fig. (X)Deselect Answer 1 2 3 4 None None Q. 9 Children are in pursuit of a dog whose leash has broken. James is directly behind the dog. Ruby is behind James. Rachel is behind Ruby. Max is ahead of the dog walking down the street in the opposite direction. As the children and dog pass, Max turns around and joins the pursuit. He runs in behind Ruby. James runs faster and is alongside the dog on the left. Ruby runs faster and is alongside the dog on the right. Which child is directly behind the dog?Deselect Answer James Ruby Rachel Max cannot be determined None Q. 10 What is the least number of cubes in the figure?Deselect Answer 26 28 36 40 42 None Q. 11 Paper in the shape A paper is folded two times and four holes are cut as given above. When unfolded which one of the above shapes will be the appearance?Deselect Answer 1 2 3 4 None None Q. 12 A $ B means A is the father of B; A # B means A is the sister of B; A * B means A is the daughter of B and A @ B means A is the brother of B. Which of the following indicates that M is the wife of Q?Deselect Answer Q $ R # T @ M Q $ R @ T # M Q $ R * T # M Q $ R @ T * M Q $ T # T @ M None Q. 13 A man starts from a point, walks 5 km towards East, turns right and walks 3 km, turns right again and walks. What is the direction he is facing now?Deselect Answer North South West East South-west None Q. 14 This section of the Test consists of one or more excerpts taken from works published in English. The text has not been modified in any way and reflects the writing styles typical of the time and context in which the authors lived.Each text is followed by five questions with five closed answers labelled with capital letters from A to E.For each question choose the answer you consider correct based on what is explicitly or implicitly stated; in other words base your answer only on what is written in the text, and not on what you might already know about the subject. TEXT I The development of electronic publishing in small marketsFrom: Ivona Despot and Tomislav Jakopec, The strategy for the development of electronic publishing in small markets, Libellarium: journal for the research of writing, books, and cultural heritage institutions, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1-2, p. 81 – 90, mar. 2014.[1] Throughout history, publishing has adjusted to market requirements, aiming for cheaper production and book prices in order to attract a larger number of readers. Today, in the majority of developed publishing markets, e-books have become part of the publishing business. However, every new technology can represent a factor of "creative destruction": transistors put an end to the cathode tube industry, and photocopying to the indigo paper industry. So, can the digitized book be considered a milestone in the history of publishing and what are the consequences? This study presents new trends and attempts to predict their potential impact on publishing, with a special focus on small linguistic distribution markets such as the Croatian book market.[2] While on the one hand, some experts predict the collapse of major publishers and booksellers due to their failure to focus on the future needs of readers in the digital environment, on the other, poor sales of e-publications and high prices of e-readers have led publishers to question the future success of the e-publishing business. Claims that e-publishing needs to be promoted through conferences in order to become lucrative support this skepticism. However, the most likely outcome is a balance between continuity and discontinuity. While it is true that people do not reject their old habits and activities whenever a new technology emerges, it is commonly believed that the advancement of technology and the emergence of a simpler and cheaper process of digitization, will probably lead to an increased market for content published in digital form.[3] Seen from the perspective of aspiring authors, expert Miha Kovac affirms that digital technology has turned book publishing into one of the most democratic media industries. Today, online bookstores offer titles published by the authors themselves, without official publishers. Apple has launched the iBooks Author programme which allows the author to shape his work graphically and forward it directly to the bookstore. Technology has cheapened and simplified the book publishing process, and opened the door to new players. Enriched e-books with added video and audio content offer new dimensions to the reading experience. As for the traditional role of the publisher, the rapid development of self-publishing inevitably leads to content overproduction of varying quality. Consequently, a publisher is needed to help the readers select the best content available. The book chain is changing, the publisher’s role is adjusting to the new system, but it is still considered very necessary.[4] So what does the future hold? On the one hand, information and communication technology is developing at such a rapid rate that future products and services cannot be easily predicted. Leading companies in this field keep their future products and services secret until market placement in order to protect themselves from competition. However, meeting the individual needs of each user is essential. With this in mind, the publishing industry has announced the emergence of the "pay as you read" business model allowing partial payment of content, unlike the previous practice of paying for the whole unit. This is particularly useful in the field of academic and scientific publications allowing, for example, each user to purchase a single article rather than an entire journal or one chapter instead of the whole book. Users can create the book they need by combining different articles or chapters.[5] There can be no doubt, therefore, that e-publishing is here to stay. However, when it comes to small markets, like Croatia, the two factors affecting the development of e-publishing are market size and language coverage. According to Digital Agenda for Europe indicators, Croatian society does not yet possess the necessary prerequisites for successful e-publishing, but it is slowly moving towards that goal. Consequently, e-book publishing development strategies should be aimed towards ensuring a long-term cultural development in terms of digital infrastructure and internet use, whereas the concrete implementation of this new development should be left to the market in question.TEXT I QUESTIONS The primary purpose of the passage is to:Deselect Answer present the results of statistical analyses and propose further studies explain a recent development and predict its eventual consequences identify the reasons for a negative trend and recommend measures to address it outline several theories about major technological changes from the past reconcile conflicting research findings None Q. 15 In paragraph [2], the author states that:Deselect Answer there is general agreement that e-publishing will soon replace paper books experts believe that e-publications will dominate the scientific sphere technological advances enabling cheaper digitalization will make e-publications more popular many important publishers are in serious financial difficulty due to the rise in e-publications conferences promoting e-books have been very successful None Q. 16 According to paragraph [3], due to an increase in selfpublishing:Deselect Answer the publisher’s role is changing the quality of publishing has improved publishers are no longer necessary there is more need for digital experts publishing has become more exclusive None Q. 17 The author states in paragraph [4] that, today, publishers:Deselect Answer require payment only if the reader likes the book share new products and services with rival publishing houses are particularly interested in developing the scientific market no longer protect works by copyright must aim to satisfy the needs of individual users None Q. 18 In the final paragraph [5], the author states that Croatia:Deselect Answer has the necessary foundations on which to develop an e-publishing market has a prosperous e-publishing market will not be able to develop an e-publishing market due to its limited language coverage needs to develop its broadband network and reduce the digital divide will not be able to develop an e-publishing market due to its small market size None Q. 19 TEXT II Coconut oilFrom: Renato da Silva Lima and Jane Mara Block, Coconut oil: what do we really know about it so far?, Food Quality and Safety, Volume 3, Issue 2, May 2019, pages 61-72.[1] Coconut is one of the most important foods in various tropical and subtropical countries where the coconut tree is referred to as the "tree of life". The coconut is a very useful plant with a wide range of products being sourced from it. Coconut products are used to make everything from clothing to animal feed to beauty creams. Its kernel is harvested for its edible flesh and delicious water, while its husk is used for its strong fibres. Most important, however, are its oils, which are extracted, processed, and marketed for culinary, medicinal and cosmetic uses alike. The plant is cultivated in morethan 90 countries with a total yield of 59 million tonnes in 2016. The production of coconut is extremely important in Asia, which is responsible for over 80 per cent of the world’s coconut production.[2] In tropical countries, coconut oil has always been used as a cooking oil and in the late 19th century, the demand for edible oils also began to increase in Europe and in the USA. Once Europeans became aware of the possibilities offered by the fruit and recognised its versatility, they started establishing coconut plantations in the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific and from the 1890s onwards, coconut oil became very popular in European countries and in the USA as an edible oil. This first coconut oil boom lasted until the onset of World War II, around 1940, when the supply of the product was cut off to Western countries leading to a coconut oil shortage. As a result of this scarcity, the price of the commodity surged, thus paving the way for the rival soybean oil industry to expand and develop. The shift to soybean oil was further aided by the use of more modern technology which was employed in the processing facilities of the product.[3] Once the war was over, countries with high coconut production tried to reintroduce the fruit into Western countries but with little success. Coconut oil was rejected at this point due to its high-saturated fat content. This rejection was associated with the findings of epidemiological studies conducted by the American physiologist, Ancel Keys, who formulated a hypothesis of the association between the consumption of high-saturated fat with a high blood cholesterol level and therefore the increased likelihood of cardiovascular disease. In 1956, in parallel to Keys’ research, the American Heart Association started informing the population that consuming large quantities of high-saturated fat foods could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This, in turn, led to a decline in the popularity of coconut oil which was known to be high in saturated fat.[4] In recent years, however, coconut oil has once again attracted the attention of the population worldwide, especially in Europe and North America. Celebrities, digital influencers, and even doctors have endorsed the use of this oil as a cooking medium in substitution of other vegetable oils and as a supplementary ingredient to be consumed with coffee and vitamin shakes. Blogs, internet videos, and articles are now promoting the consumption of coconut oil as a potential "miracle" food. Some media vehicles and health specialists claim that this oil is capable of promoting health benefits, such as weight loss and the lowering of cholesterol levels as well as having anti-inflammatory effects and it is now affirmed that the consumption of coconut oil may actually help in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Clearly, these claims are now being used by coconut oil companies to market the product and boost sales. Nevertheless, governmental regulatory agencies in many countries remain sceptical about the benefits obtained by the consumption of coconut oil due to its high-saturated fatty acid content. In general, studies in this field present conflicting results and there is a serious lack of long term human-based clinical trials. Therefore, as a saturated fat, coconut oil should be consumed with moderation and the health allegations should not be used to market the product considering that they have not been scientifically proven so far. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with:Deselect Answer exploring research underlying the uses of coconuts discussing the appeal of coconut oil and some concerns about its use arguing for the adoption of coconut oil in promoting health benefits comparing the advantages of coconut oil over other edible oils clarifying the future of coconut oil companies None Q. 20 In paragraph [2], the expression paving the way means:Deselect Answer blocking the future indicating the method making it easier contrasting the desire giving an example None Q. 21 According to paragraph [2], which of the following statements is true?Deselect Answer Coconut plantations were destroyed during World War II. Europeans preferred soybean oil as it was produced in Western countries. Consumers stopped using coconut oil because soybean oil was a more modern equivalent. Soybean oil had never been used as an edible oil until after World War II Soybean oil replaced the use of coconut oil due to the difficulties incurred in acquiring the latter. None Q. 22 Paragraph [3] states that:Deselect Answer eating coconut oil leads to heart problems in Western countries the use of coconut oil in food was banned by the American Heart Association consumers began to eat less coconut oil as it was thought to be a health risk the American Heart Association advised consumers not to consume coconut oil Western countries were unable to produce coconut oil None Q. 23 In conclusion, the author indicates that:Deselect Answer previous studies into the dangers of coconut oil were unfounded research now shows that coconut oil should be used instead of other vegetable oils further studies will prove the dangers of eating coconut oil research into the consumption of coconut oil must be widened coconut oil companies are funding further research None Q. 24 If an item is purchased at 150 dolars and sold at 165 dolars, what percent of the original cost is profit?Deselect Answer 110 percent 89 percent 100 percent 9 percent 10 percent None Q. 25 What is a+b-c=?Deselect Answer 66 76 80 146 180 None Q. 26 Deselect Answer A B C D E None Q. 27 Deselect Answer A B C D E None Q. 28 Deselect Answer A B C D E None Q. 29 Deselect Answer 3 1 2 0 -1 None Q. 30 The graph of f(x)=10+x² is shown below. What is the area of triangle ABC if OA= AB ?Deselect Answer 80 20 57 78 30 None Q. 31 Deselect Answer 1 3 9 -1 -9 None Q. 32 Solve the equation (log)₂(x-3)+(log)₂(x-2)=1 for x.Deselect Answer 3 2 and 3 1 and 4 4 1 None Q. 33 Deselect Answer A B C D E None Q. 34 What is the equation of the circle?Deselect Answer (x+3)² +(y-1)²=4 (x-3)² +(y-1)²=4 (x+3)² +(y+1)²=4 (x+3)² +(y-1)²=9 (x+3)² +(y+1)²=9 None Q. 35 Find the domain and range of Deselect Answer A B C D E None Q. 36 Deselect Answer 36 24 12 6 3 None 1 out of 1